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1.
Int. j. morphol ; 41(3): 690-698, jun. 2023. ilus, tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1514320

RESUMO

El uso de nuevos recursos tecnológicos en la enseñanza de anatomía ha impulsado la necesidad de adaptar el modelo educativo haciéndolo más centrado en el estudiante, dinámico y participativo mediante herramientas digitales y 3D; orientando los conocimientos hacia su aplicación clínica, pero bajo un ajuste curricular que tiende a cursar menos horas presenciales en aula o laboratorio. Este trabajo describe la experiencia local de una nueva Escuela de Medicina en Chile, reportada el año 2018, además y otros trabajos de centros formadores presentados en el "SECTRA Users Meeting 2019 Estocolmo", Karolinska Institutet, Suecia. Este trabajo describe los reportes orales sobre la aplicación de nuevos recursos digitales como; la mesa de disección digital táctil SECTRA® y modelos anatómicos cadavéricos impresos en 3D Erler-Zimmer®, bases de datos sobre anatomía digital, además, su impacto en el desempeño académico, reportado por usuarios de diferentes países, tales como: Australia, Canadá, Chile, China, Colombia, Estados Unidos de Norteamérica (EUA) y Suecia. Los datos fueron recopilados y analizados a partir de la información reportada en las presentaciones orales y resúmenes entregados por los expositores. La gran mayoría de los países expositores declararon el uso combinado de recursos digitales y 3D sumados a los tradicionales para la enseñanza de anatomía. Sólo el representante de EUA declaró usar exclusivamente recursos digitales (en laboratorio y en línea), experiencia correspondiente a una joven e innovadora escuela de medicina. La mayoría de los centros docentes declaró utilizar la mesa de disección digital en una amplia proporción de sus contenidos curriculares, en asociación a plataformas tipo RIS/PACS como IDS7 portal de SECTRA o las utilizadas por el centro formador. El uso de nuevas tecnologías digitales y 3D ha ganado un importante espacio en el currículum de la enseñanza de anatomía, complementando el uso de los recursos tradicionales.


SUMMARY: The use of new technological resources in the teaching of anatomy has promoted the need to adapt the educational model, making it more student-centered, dynamic, and participatory through digital and 3D tools, directing the knowledge towards its clinical application, but under a curricular adjustment that tends to take fewer contact hours in the classroom or laboratory. This work describes the local experience of a new School of Medicine in Chile, reported in 2018, and other work from training centers presented at the "SECTRA Users Meeting 2019 Stockholm", Karolinska Institutet, Sweden. This work describes the oral reports on the application of new digital resources such as; the SECTRA® digital tactile dissection table and Erler- Zimmer® 3D printed cadaveric anatomical models, databases on digital anatomy, in addition, its impact on academic performance, reported by users from different countries, such as Australia, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, United States of America (USA) and Sweden. The data was collected and analyzed from the information reported in the oral presentations and summaries delivered by the speakers.The vast majority of the exhibiting countries declared the combined use of digital and 3D resources added to the traditional ones for teaching anatomy. Only the representative from the USA stated that they exclusively used digital resources (in the laboratory and online), an experience corresponding to a young and innovative medical school. Most of the educational centers stated that they used the digital dissection table in a large proportion of their curricular contents, in association with RIS/PACS-type platforms such as the IDS7 SECTRA portal or those used by the training center. The use of new digital and 3D technologies has gained an important space in the anatomy teaching curriculum, complementing the use of traditional resources.


Assuntos
Humanos , Universidades , Educação em Saúde/tendências , Tecnologia Educacional , Impressão Tridimensional , Anatomia/educação
2.
Stud Health Technol Inform ; 294: 825-826, 2022 May 25.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35612219

RESUMO

Digital technology for health services plays a critical role in the delivery of health services. In order to move towards universal healthcare, improvement of patient outcomes and better health, one must make use of the advantages of Digital Health tools and recognition of the role of the health ICT worker. Therefore, it is necessary to have a workforce that is competent to use these tools. Uniquely positioned at the intersection of healthcare and information technology, the domain of Digital Health builds on a variety of disciplines termed biomedical and health informatics, and other allied fields. With the increasing need to have a knowledgeable, skilled and competent workforce, it is necessary to concentrate efforts towards the provision of education modules in Digital Health. While continuing medical education, certificate courses and other similar courses attempt to bridge the gap in the delivery of Digital Health education, it is also paramount to establish dedicated and standalone courses. Streamlining approaches to Digital Health Education across disciplinary, cultural and national boundaries, is key to address the challenges of firmly embedding Digital Health courses in the fabric of university education. In the effort to provide the necessary knowledge, skills and competencies (KSCs) to the current health ICT worker, the Deggendorf Institute of Technology, European Campus Rottal-Inn (DIT-ECRI) is in the process of piloting a virtual course in Global Digital Health. With the ability to provide core competencies in Digital heath, this virtual course is a step towards advancing Global Digital Health Education.


Assuntos
Educação em Saúde/tendências , Informática Médica , Atenção à Saúde/métodos , Atenção à Saúde/normas , Atenção à Saúde/tendências , Alemanha , Educação em Saúde/métodos , Humanos , Tecnologia da Informação , Informática Médica/tendências , Projetos Piloto
3.
Artigo em Inglês, Português | LILACS, BDENF - enfermagem (Brasil) | ID: biblio-1401139

RESUMO

Objetivo: analisar as evidências científicas acerca das práticas educativas para a prevenção de infecções sexualmente transmissíveis na adolescência. Método: foi realizada uma revisão realista, utilizada para o embasamento de práticas e políticas de intervenção em realidades sociais complexas, em fevereiro de 2022, para responder à questão norteadora: quais são as práticas educativas para a prevenção de infecções sexualmente transmissíveis na adolescência? Resultados: foram incluídos 17 estudos, dos quais emergiu o preceito teórico: práticas dialógicas e participativas a respeito das infecções sexualmente transmissíveis, realizadas em grupo, no ambiente escolar e de longa duração favorecem a adesão à participação nas atividades educativas e são mais bem recebidas e avaliadas pelos adolescentes. Conclusão: a revisão realista alcançou os seus propósitos em determinar: o que, como, para quem e em quais circunstâncias, determinada intervenção funciona em um contexto social.


Objective: to analyze the scientific evidence about educational practices for the prevention of sexually transmitted infections in adolescence. Method: a realistic review was carried out, used as a basis for intervention practices and policies in complex social realities, in February 2022, to answer the guiding question: what are the educational practices for the prevention of sexually transmitted infections in adolescence? Results: 17 studies were included, from which the theoretical precept emerged: dialogic and participatory practices regarding sexually transmitted infections, carried out in groups, in the school environment and on a long-term basis, favor adherence to participation in educational activities and are better received and evaluated by adolescents. Conclusion: the realist review achieved its purposes in determining what, how, for whom and under what circumstances a given intervention works in a social context.


Objetivo: analizar la evidencia científica sobre prácticas educativas para la prevención de infecciones de transmisión sexual en la adolescencia. Método: se realizó una revisión realista, utilizada para sustentar prácticas y políticas de intervención en realidades sociales complejas, en febrero de 2022, para responder a la pregunta orientadora: ¿cuáles son las prácticas educativas para la prevención de las ITS en la adolescencia? Resultados: se incluyeron 17 estudios, de los cuales surgió el precepto teórico: las prácticas dialógicas y participativas en torno a las infecciones de transmisión sexual, realizadas en grupo, en el ámbito escolar y a largo plazo, favorecen la adherencia a la participación en las actividades educativas y son mejor recibidas y evaluadas por adolescentes. Conclusión: la revisión realista logró sus propósitos al determinar: qué, cómo, para quién y en qué circunstancias funciona una determinada intervención en un contexto social.


Assuntos
Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Educação Sexual/tendências , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/prevenção & controle , Educação em Saúde/tendências , Saúde do Adolescente , Serviços de Saúde Escolar
4.
PLoS One ; 16(8): e0256123, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34403455

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the commonest chronic diseases worldwide. Self-Management Education (SME) is regarded as a critical element of treatment for all people with diabetes, as well as those at risk of developing the condition. While a great variety of diabetes self-management education (DSME) interventions are available in high-income countries, limited information exists on educational programs for the prevention and management of diabetes complications in Africa. This study, therefore, aimed at synthesizing information in the literature to describe the state of the science of DSME interventions in the WHO African Region. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study is a scoping review, which followed the standard PRISMA guidelines for conducting and reporting scoping reviews. A systematic keyword and subject headings searches were conducted on six electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychINFO and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) to identify relevant English language publications on DSME from 2000 through 2020. Titles and abstracts of the search results were screened to select eligible papers for full text reading. All eligible papers were retrieved and full text screening was done by three independent reviewers to select studies for inclusion in the final analysis. RESULTS: Nineteen studies were included in the review. The interventions identified were individually oriented, group-based, individually oriented & group-based, and information technology-based DSME programs. Outcomes of the interventions were mixed. While the majority yielded significant positive results on HbA1c, diabetes knowledge, blood pressure, blood sugar and foot care practices; few demonstrated positive outcomes on self-efficacy, BMI, physical activity; self-monitoring of blood glucose, medication adherence, smoking and alcohol consumption. CONCLUSIONS: The limited studies available indicate that DSME interventions in the WHO African Region have mixed effects on patient behaviors and health outcomes. That notwithstanding, the majority of the interventions demonstrated statistically significant positive effects on HbA1c, the main outcome measure in most DSME intervention studies.


Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus/terapia , Educação em Saúde/métodos , Autogestão/métodos , África/epidemiologia , Glicemia/análise , Diabetes Mellitus/sangue , Exercício Físico , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , Educação em Saúde/tendências , Humanos , Adesão à Medicação , Qualidade de Vida , Autocuidado/métodos , Autocuidado/psicologia , Autocuidado/tendências , Autoeficácia , Autogestão/psicologia , Autogestão/tendências , Organização Mundial da Saúde
6.
PLoS One ; 16(7): e0254579, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34270601

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Although Diabetes Self-Management Education (DSME) programs are recommended to help reduce the burden of diabetes and diabetes-related complications, Florida is one of the states with the lowest DSME participation rates. Moreover, there is evidence of geographic disparities of not only DSME participation rates but the burden of diabetes as well. Understanding these disparities is critical for guiding control programs geared at improving participation rates and diabetes outcomes. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to: (a) investigate geographic disparities of diabetes prevalence and DSME participation rates; and (b) identify predictors of the observed disparities in DSME participation rates. METHODS: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data for 2007 and 2010 were obtained from the Florida Department of Health. Age-adjusted diabetes prevalence and DSME participation rates were computed at the county level and their geographic distributions visualized using choropleth maps. Significant changes in diabetes prevalence and DSME participation rates between 2007 and 2010 were assessed and counties showing significant changes were mapped. Clusters of high diabetes prevalence before and after adjusting for common risk factors and DSME participation rates were identified, using Tango's flexible spatial scan statistics, and their geographic distribution displayed in maps. Determinants of the geographic distribution of DSME participation rates and predictors of the identified high rate clusters were identified using ordinary least squares and logistic regression models, respectively. RESULTS: County level age-adjusted diabetes prevalence varied from 4.7% to 17.8% while DSME participation rates varied from 26.6% to 81.2%. There were significant (p≤0.05) increases in both overall age-adjusted diabetes prevalence and DSME participation rates from 2007 to 2010 with diabetes prevalence increasing from 7.7% in 2007 to 8.6% in 2010 while DSME participation rates increased from 51.4% in 2007 to 55.1% in 2010. Generally, DSME participation rates decreased in rural areas while they increased in urban areas. High prevalence clusters of diabetes (both adjusted and unadjusted) were identified in northern and central Florida, while clusters of high DSME participation rates were identified in central Florida. Rural counties and those with high proportion of Hispanics tended to have low DSME participation rates. CONCLUSIONS: The findings confirm that geographic disparities in both diabetes prevalence and DSME participation rates exist. Specific attention is required to address these disparities especially in areas that have high diabetes prevalence but low DSME participation rates. Study findings are useful for guiding resource allocation geared at reducing disparities and improving diabetes outcomes.


Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiologia , Educação em Saúde/tendências , Disparidades nos Níveis de Saúde , Autogestão/tendências , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Diabetes Mellitus/prevenção & controle , Feminino , Florida , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Participação do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Prevalência , Fatores Socioeconômicos
7.
Health Info Libr J ; 38(2): 139-142, 2021 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34192405

RESUMO

In this article, Chandrani Maitra, with her supervisor, Prof. Jennifer Rowley, reports on her PhD research conducted at Manchester Metropolitan University. This research aimed to develop understanding of the benefits of, and the challenges associated with the use of social media to disseminate eye health information in deprived communities in India. Such communities typically have a low level of access to health information, as the result of poor literacy, poverty, lack of women's empowerment, cultural practices, society dynamics, and medical malpractice. This study used an intervention based on the social media platform, WhatsApp, to educate a group of women volunteers so that they were able to contribute to the management of the eye health of their family, friends, and neighbours. Interviews were conducted with deprived community members (DCMs), community healthcare advocates (CHAs) and, healthcare professionals (HCPs). The DCMs reported a number of benefits associated with their participation in the eye health intervention. CHAs and HCPs agreed that an extended roll out of the intervention had potential to deliver benefits, but expressed concerns that some of the ongoing social challenges facing deprived communities might act as barriers to progress. F.J.


Assuntos
Educação em Saúde/métodos , Mídias Sociais/instrumentação , Educação em Saúde/tendências , Humanos , População Rural , Mídias Sociais/tendências , Fatores Socioeconômicos
8.
PLoS One ; 16(5): e0251139, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34015008

RESUMO

Community water fluoridation (CWF) is the most effective and equitable approach to preventing dental caries (tooth decay). Yet millions of Americans, especially those at highest risk of caries, do not know what CWF is or its preventive benefits. State health departments are responsible for educating their respective populations. Thus, this study assessed health department websites (N = 50) to determine if CWF content existed, the ease of finding it, and if it was written in plain language and for a consumer audience. We used the web component of the HLE2: The Health Literacy Environment of Hospitals and Health Centers (HLE2) to assess how easy or difficult it was to the navigate a website and find information. Forty-one websites had CWF information; 37 states had content written for a consumer audience. HLE2 scores ranged from 0 to 54 points (60 possible). Only five states had websites with a HLE2 score of 50 or higher. SHDs with higher HLE2 scores were easy to navigate and their content was written for a consumer audience. Study findings suggest most SHDs should improve their website's CWF content and its accessibility to better promote the role of fluoridated water in preventing dental caries.


Assuntos
Fluoretação/tendências , Educação em Saúde/tendências , Disseminação de Informação/métodos , Acesso à Informação , Programas Governamentais/educação , Programas Governamentais/tendências , Humanos , Comportamento de Busca de Informação , Internet , Estados Unidos
9.
J Sch Health ; 91(7): 541-549, 2021 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34031879

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, students and teachers have transitioned to online learning. The transition required changes in teaching practices to accommodate for an online learning environment. However, there are no studies characterizing physical educators' and school health experts' perspectives on physical education via distance learning or identifying best practices and their implications for student health. METHODS: Using purposive and snowball sampling, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 19 physical education teachers and school health experts across 21 California school districts on best practices for physical education via distance learning. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using a grounded theory approach. RESULTS: Four major themes emerged: (1) participants felt high quality physical education via distance learning was both critical and possible; (2) strategies for creating a successful distance learning environment included personalization, creativity, and inclusiveness; (3) resources necessary for success included professional development, administrative support, and equipment; and (4) lessons for the long-term. CONCLUSIONS: Participants identified effective strategies, challenges, and recommendations for the future. Participants felt optimistic about their ability to provide quality physical education via distance learning, given the necessary supports, and perceived that they played a critical role in supporting student health during the COVID-19 pandemic.


Assuntos
COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Educação a Distância/tendências , Educação em Saúde/tendências , Educação Física e Treinamento/tendências , COVID-19/psicologia , Currículo , Exercício Físico , Humanos , Masculino , Professores Escolares/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Estados Unidos
10.
PLoS One ; 16(4): e0248740, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33861756

RESUMO

Brazil has a cesarean rate of 56% and low use of Intrapartum Evidence-based Practices (IEBP) of 3.4%, reflecting a medically centered and highly interventionist maternal health care model. The Senses of Birth (SoB) is a health education intervention created to promote normal birth, use of EBP, and reduce unnecessary c-sections. This study aimed to understand the use of intrapartum EBP by Brazilian women who participated in the SoB intervention. 555 women answered the questionnaire between 2015 and 2016. Bivariate analysis and ANOVA test were used to identify if social-demographic factors, childbirth information, and perceived knowledge were associated with the use of EBP. A qualitative analysis was performed to explore women's experiences. Research participants used the following EBP: birth plan (55.2%), companionship during childbirth (81.6%), midwife care (54.2%), freedom of mobility during labor (57.7%), choice of position during delivery (57.2%), and non-pharmacological pain relief methods (74.2%). Doula support was low (26.9%). Being a black woman was associated with not using a birth plan or having doula support. Women who gave birth in private hospitals were more likely not to use the EBP. Barriers to the use of EBP identified by women were an absence of individualized care, non-respect for their choices or provision of EBP by health care providers, inadequate structure and ambiance in hospitals to use EBP, and rigid protocols not centered on women's needs. The SoB intervention was identified as a potential facilitator. Women who used EBP described a sense of control over their bodies and perceived self-efficacy to advocate for their chosen practices. Women saw the strategies to overcome barriers as a path to become their childbirth protagonist. Health education is essential to increase the use of EBP; however, it should be implemented combined with changes in the maternal care system, promoting woman-centered and evidence-based models.


Assuntos
Prática Clínica Baseada em Evidências/tendências , Parto/psicologia , Cuidado Pré-Natal/métodos , Adulto , Brasil/etnologia , Parto Obstétrico/tendências , Intervenção Médica Precoce/métodos , Intervenção Médica Precoce/tendências , Feminino , Educação em Saúde/tendências , Humanos , Trabalho de Parto/psicologia , Serviços de Saúde Materna/tendências , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tocologia/tendências , Gravidez , Gestantes/psicologia , Cuidado Pré-Natal/tendências , Relações Profissional-Paciente , Inquéritos e Questionários
11.
PLoS One ; 16(4): e0248821, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33861758

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: COVID-19 is the novel coronavirus responsible for the ongoing global outbreak of acute respiratory disease and viral pneumonia. In order to tackle the devastating condition of the virus, countries need to attack the virus with aggressive and targeted tactics. Thus, to strengthen the COVID-19 mitigation measures and to give rapid response, there is an urgent need to understand the public's knowledge and attitude about of the pandemic at this critical moment. OBJECTIVE: This study was aimed to assess the knowledge and attitude of communities about COVID-19 and associated factors among Gondar City residents. METHODS: A community based cross-sectional study was done among 623 respondents in Gondar city from April 20-27/2020. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire adapted from different literatures. The data were entered using Epi data version 3.1 and then exported into STATA version 14 for analysis. Bi-variable and multivariable binary logistic regression were performed. Adjusted odds ratio with 95% CI was used to declare statistically significant variables on the basis of p value less than 0.05 in the multivariable binary logistic regression model. RESULTS: The overall knowledge and attitude of the community towards COVID19 was 51.85% [95% CI (47.91%-55.78%)] and 53.13% [95% CI (49.20, 57.06%)], respectively. In this study, being married [AOR = 0.60 at 95% CI: (0.42, 0.86)], educational level; primary [AOR = 3.14 at 95% CI: (1.78,5.54)], secondary [AOR = 2.81 at 95% CI: (1.70,4.63)], college and above [AOR = 4.49 at 95% CI: 7.92, 13.98)], and family size [AOR = 1.80, at 95% CI: (1.05, 3.08)] were emerged as statistically significant factors impacting the knowledge of the community about COVID-19. Besides, educational level; primary [AOR = 1.76 at 95% CI: (1.03, 3.01)], secondary [AOR = 1.69 at 95% CI: (1.07, 2.68)], and college & above [AOR = 2.38 at 95% CI: (1.50, 3.79)], and family size; four to six members [AOR = 1.84 at 95% CI (1.27, 2.67)], above seven members [AOR = 1.79 at 95% CI (1.08, 2.96)] were factors identified as significantly attribute for positive attitude of the communities towards COVID-19. CONCLUSION: More than half of the respondents had better knowledge and attitude regarding COVID-19. Higher educational level and larger family size were significant factors predominantly affecting the knowledge and attitude of the communities towards COVID-19.


Assuntos
COVID-19/psicologia , Educação em Saúde/tendências , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Escolaridade , Etiópia/epidemiologia , Feminino , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Humanos , Conhecimento , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Razão de Chances , Pandemias , SARS-CoV-2/isolamento & purificação , Inquéritos e Questionários
12.
Foodborne Pathog Dis ; 18(8): 547-566, 2021 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33667118

RESUMO

Millions of foodborne illness cases occur in China annually, causing significant social and economic burdens. Improper food handling has been observed not only among commercial food handlers but also among residential food handlers. It is critical to conduct a comprehensive scoping review of previous efforts to identify food safety knowledge gaps, explore the factors impacting knowledge levels, and synthesize the effectiveness of all types of food safety educational interventions for commercial and residential food handlers in China. This review aims to analyze food safety education studies published over the past 20 years and provide foundations for developing more effective food safety educational interventions in China. A total of 35 studies were included in this review. Most studies reported that Chinese commercial and residential food handlers had insufficient food safety knowledge, especially in the areas of foodborne pathogens and safe food-handling practices. The factors impacting food handlers' knowledge levels included education level, gender, income level, residency (rural vs. urban), the use of WeMedia, college students' major, and food safety training experiences. Food handlers in the following demographic groups tend to have lower levels of food safety knowledge: lower education levels, the elderly, males, lower-income levels, rural residents, those who do not use WeMedia, those without food safety training experience, or college students in nonbiology-focused majors. Many food handlers did not always follow recommended food safety practices, such as proper meat handling practices, handwashing practices, and cleaning and sanitation practices. Thirteen studies evaluated the effectiveness of educational interventions, and knowledge increases were reported after all interventions. The findings of this review provide guidance to researchers, educators, and government agencies in their future efforts to develop education programs emphasizing the importance of microbial food-safety content and behavior change regarding food safety and hygiene practices.


Assuntos
Manipulação de Alimentos , Inocuidade dos Alimentos , Doenças Transmitidas por Alimentos/prevenção & controle , Educação em Saúde/tendências , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Adulto , Idoso , China , Feminino , Doenças Transmitidas por Alimentos/psicologia , Previsões , Humanos , Higiene/educação , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Saneamento
13.
Res Q Exerc Sport ; 92(1): 111-126, 2021 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32097108

RESUMO

SHAPE America has identified four goals as part of the 50 Million Strong by 2029 initiative; one of these goals is healthy behavior. School-based health education is uniquely positioned to be a primary route through which this goal can be achieved. Health education is an academic subject included in a well-rounded education, based on health behavior and learning theory, research-based and taught by licensed and trained health educators with adequate instructional time. Health education helps students acquire functional knowledge about a variety of topics and develop health-related skills resulting in personal competence and self-efficacy. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the existing evidence examining school-based health education and to articulate future directions for research that will solidify school-based health education as a necessary and efficacious strategy for improving the health and wellness of youth.


Assuntos
Currículo , Educação em Saúde/tendências , Pesquisa/tendências , Instituições Acadêmicas/tendências , Avaliação Educacional , Previsões , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , Educação em Saúde/organização & administração , Humanos , Aprendizagem , Objetivos Organizacionais , Política Organizacional , Instituições Acadêmicas/organização & administração , Capacitação de Professores , Estados Unidos
15.
Hosp Top ; 99(1): 22-28, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33021464

RESUMO

This study aims to describe the impact of COVID-19 on internship activities at health organizations in Saudi Arabia. The study is a secondary analysis of data set that was collected from 101 health science interns from different health organizations. The majority of interns were trained or started their internships at public health organizations (64.29%), while 6.12% and 29.59% were at private and other health organizations, respectively. During the COVID-19 pandemic, most health organizations chose to continue the internships (76.53%), while others (23.47%) decided to suspend trainings. Health organizations have taken different actions to overcome the internship issues during the COVID-19 pandemic.


Assuntos
COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Internato e Residência/tendências , Organizações/estatística & dados numéricos , Educação em Saúde/normas , Educação em Saúde/tendências , Humanos , Internato e Residência/normas , Pandemias/prevenção & controle , Pandemias/estatística & dados numéricos , Satisfação Pessoal , Arábia Saudita , Inquéritos e Questionários
16.
Epidemiol. serv. saúde ; 30(2): e2020490, 2021. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês, Português | LILACS | ID: biblio-1286335

RESUMO

Objetivo: Determinar a concordância entre os instrumentos de mensuração short test of functional health literacy in adults (S-TOFHLA) e short assessment of health literacy for Portuguese-speaking adults (SAHLPA-18) como estratégia para estimar a validade concorrente. Métodos: Estudo transversal, com usuários do Sistema Único de Saúde. Para testar a validade concorrente, aplicou-se abordagem de concordância com teste de Kappa ponderado para dados qualitativos. Resultados: Participaram 372 indivíduos, dos quais 66% e 62% não apresentaram nível de letramento adequado, segundo o SAHLPA-18 e o S-TOFHLA, respectivamente. Observou-se correlação forte entre os instrumentos (p<0,001; r=0,60); e a concordância de acertos encontrada, 65,3% (Kappa=0,35; p<0,001), foi considerada fraca. Conclusão: Os instrumentos SAHLPA-18 e S-TOFHLA apresentam constructos diferentes e fraca concordância. É indicado o uso de diferentes instrumentos em pesquisas de mensuração do nível de letramento; e desenvolvimento de instrumentos específicos às condições de saúde que permitam obter resultado próximo ao real contexto dos indivíduos.


Objetivo: Determinar la concordancia entre instrumentos de medición psicométrica short test of functional health literacy in adults (S-TOFHLA) y short assessment of health literacy for portuguese-speaking adults (SAHLPA-18) como estrategia para estimar la validez concurrente. Métodos: estudio transversal realizado con usuarios del Sistema Único de Salud. Para testear la validez concurrente se aplicó un enfoque de concordancia con una prueba ponderada de Kappa para datos cualitativos. Resultados: participaron 372 individuos. Se encontró que 66% y 62% de estos no tenía un nivel adecuado de letramiento según SAHLPA-18 y S-TOFHLA, respectivamente. Hubo una fuerte correlación entre los instrumentos (p<0.001; r=0.60), sin embargo 65.3% de concordancia, se consideró débil (Kappa=0.35; p<0.001). Conclusión: Los instrumentos SAHLPA-18 y S-TOFHLA tienen diferentes construcciones y escasa concordancia. En la investigación se indica el uso de diferentes instrumentos para medir el nivel de letramiento y el desarrollo de instrumentos específicos a las condiciones de salud que permitan obtener resultados cercanos al contexto real de los individuos.


Objetivo: To determine agreement between the Short Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults (S-TOFHLA) and the Short Assessment of Health Literacy for Portuguese-speaking Adults (SAHLPA-18) measurement instruments as a strategy for estimating concurrent validity. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted with users of the Brazilian National Health System. An agreement approach using a weighted Kappa test for qualitative data was applied in order to test for concurrent validity. Results: 372 individuals participated. It was found that 66% and 62% of them did not have an adequate level of literacy according to SAHLPA-18 and S-TOFHLA, respectively. There was strong correlation between the instruments (p<0.001; r=0.60), although the 65.3% agreement of correct answers found was considered weak (Kappa=0.35; p<0.001). Conclusion: The SAHLPA-18 and S-TOFHLA instruments have different constructs and poor agreement. Use of different instruments is indicated in research intended to measure level of literacy, as is the development of instruments specific to health conditions that allow results close to the real context of individuals to be obtained.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Educação em Saúde/tendências , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Letramento em Saúde/tendências , Brasil , Estudos Transversais , Confiabilidade dos Dados , Doenças não Transmissíveis/classificação
17.
Rev. Salusvita (Online) ; 40(3): 170-188, 2021.
Artigo em Português | LILACS | ID: biblio-1524729

RESUMO

Identificar, junto à literatura, quais os métodos mais eficientes para avaliar a aplicação dos materiais didáticos na Atenção Básica, enfatizando o público infanto-juvenil,Scoping Review, por meio da pergunta de pesquisa: "Quais os métodos de avaliação de ensino-aprendizagem da educação em saúde nas escolas, no contexto da Atenção Primária, para crianças e adolescentes?". A busca foi realizada nas bases de dados National Library of Medicine (PubMed), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Search for an Author Profile (SCOPUS) e Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo). Entre os 285 estudos encontrados, 13 fizeram parte da amostra por responderem à pergunta de pesquisa. Entre os 13 estudos analisados, 9 (69,24%) foram publicados nos últimos nove anos e 4 (30,76%) entre 1991 e 1999. Todos são de língua inglesa e a maior parte deles aborda hábitos alimentares e físicos (30,7%). Sobre o ensino-aprendizagem, as estratégias mais efetivas foram aquelas que incluíam a família e a comunidade e/ou desenvolviam a autonomia do aluno no processo. A maioria utilizou questionários autorais para avaliar a educação em saúde, exceto na temática alimentação e atividades físicas, em que dados antropométricos foram mais frequentemente utilizados. O assunto é recente, publicado, na maior parte, no exterior. A maioria dos instrumentos de avaliação foram criados pelos próprios autores e os aspectos clínicos majoritariamente investigados nos estudos tratavam sobre as questões alimentares. As estratégias de ensino-aprendizagem mostraram-se mais efetivas quando adolescentes eram o público-alvo.


To identify the most efficient methods for evaluating the effectiveness of teaching materials in Primary Health Care, aimed at school-age youngsters, Scoping Review. Our leading question was: Which are the evaluation methodologies of the teaching-learning process in health education in schools in Primary Health Care used with kids and teenagers (schooling age youngsters)? The search occurred on the National Library of Medicine (PubMed), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Search for an Author Profile (SCOPUS), and Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo). Among the 285 studies found, 13 (100%) constituted our sample for answering our leading question. Among the 13 studies analyzed, 9 (69,24%) were published in the past 9 years and 4 (30,76%) between 1991 and 1999. All were in English, and most were on eating and physical habits (30,7%). Concerning the learning-teaching process, the most effective strategies included family and community and/or aimed to develop students' autonomy. Most were based on self-made questionnaires to evaluate health education activities, except for the studies on feeding/nutrition and physical activities, which frequently used anthropometric data. Due to its newness, most of the work on the subject was from abroad. The authors created most of the evaluation methodologies, and nutrition and feeding were the main topics investigat-ed. Teaching-learning strategies were more effective among teenagers.


Assuntos
Humanos , Adolescente , Avaliação Educacional/métodos , Serviços de Saúde Escolar , Serviços de Saúde Escolar/tendências , Educação em Saúde/tendências
18.
Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi ; 32(5): 453-458, 2020 Jun 30.
Artigo em Chinês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33185054

RESUMO

Soil-transmitted nematodiasis was once widely prevalent in Jiangsu Province, which seriously threatened human health and hindered socioeconomic development. The control efforts over decades resulted in a remarkable decline in the prevalence of soil-transmitted nematode human infections in Jiangsu Province, with a reduction from 59.32% in 1989 to 0.12% in 2019, and the human prevalence remains at < 0.5% since 2013. Since 1987, an integrated strategy has been adopted for the control of soil-transmitted nematodiasis in Jiangsu Province; however, the core interventions varies at different stages, which mainly include deworming, water and sanitation service improvement, health education, and monitoring and assessment. The criteria of effective soil-transmitted nematodiasis control had been achieved in all epidemic counties (districts) of Jiangsu Province by 2019. Further actions to strengthen health education and monitoring and implement precision control measures are required to consolidate the achievements of soil-transmitted nematodiasis control and eliminate the harm of soil-transmitted nematodiasis to humans. This review summarizes the epidemiology, control progress and evolution of control strategy of soil-transmitted nematodiasis in Jiangsu Province.


Assuntos
Epidemias , Infecções por Nematoides , China/epidemiologia , Epidemias/prevenção & controle , Educação em Saúde/normas , Educação em Saúde/tendências , Humanos , Infecções por Nematoides/epidemiologia , Infecções por Nematoides/prevenção & controle , Prevalência , Saneamento/normas , Saneamento/tendências , Solo/parasitologia
19.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33050541

RESUMO

While there is strong evidence of the need for healthy ageing programs for older Aboriginal Australians, few are available. It is important to understand older Aboriginal Australians' perspectives on healthy ageing in order to co-design culturally-appropriate programs, including views on technology use in this context. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 34 Aboriginal Australians aged 50 years and older from regional and urban communities to explore participants' health concerns, preferences for healthy ageing programs, and receptiveness to technology. Qualitative data were analyzed using a grounded theory approach. This study found that older Aboriginal Australians are concerned about chronic health conditions, social and emotional well-being, and difficulties accessing health services. A range of barriers and enablers to participation in current health programs were identified. From the perspective of older Aboriginal people, a successful healthy ageing program model includes physical and cognitive activities, social interaction, and health education. The program model also provides culturally safe care and transport for access as well as family, community, cultural identity, and empowerment regarding ageing well as central tenets. Technology could also be a viable approach for program delivery. These findings can be applied in the implementation and evaluation of culturally-appropriate, healthy ageing programs with older Aboriginal people.


Assuntos
Educação em Saúde , Serviços de Saúde do Indígena , Envelhecimento Saudável , Preferência do Paciente , Idoso , Austrália , Educação em Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Educação em Saúde/tendências , Promoção da Saúde , Acesso aos Serviços de Saúde , Serviços de Saúde do Indígena/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Havaiano Nativo ou Outro Ilhéu do Pacífico
20.
Rev. salud pública ; 22(5): e401, sep.-oct. 2020.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1139457

RESUMO

RESUMEN Este ensayo expone cómo el educador de la salud, en su quehacer en el campo de la salud pública tradicional, solventa formas de relación con los educandos, enmarcadas en la preponderancia del modelo biomédico, a través de la imposición de significados y valores situados en una concepción biologista de la enfermedad que ha invisibilizado a la salud. En contraste, se presenta la perspectiva crítica de la salud pública alternativa como una posibilidad de resignificar la práctica del educador de la salud. A partir de actuaciones en las que la salud se entiende como un constructo social, el presente artículo busca potenciar abordajes más coherentes con la realidad de los problemas complejos relacionados con la salud desde su conexión con la vida.(AU)


ABSTRACT This essay argues how the health educator in his work in the field of traditional public health solves forms of relationship with the students, framed in the preponderance of the biomedical model, through the imposition of meanings and values located in a conception biologist of the disease that has made health invisible. In contrast, the critical perspective of alternative public health is presented as a possibility to give another meaning to the practice of the health educator. On the roll of the health like a social construct, this paper aims to boost approaches more consistent with the reality of the complex problems related to the health from its connection with the life.(AU)


Assuntos
Prática de Saúde Pública , Educação em Saúde/tendências , Educadores em Saúde/tendências , Promoção da Saúde
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